law of storms

"1. open. 2. unobstructed, free. 3. uncovered; naked, bare, exposed. 4. empty, clear, unoccupied. 5. spaced far apart, separated. 6. open for business, open. 7. clear, easy to understand; not in cipher. 8. not secret, in the open. 9. light (shade of color). 10. fortunate, promising. 11. obscene; suggestive. 12. open, defenseless, unprotected (city). 13. not roofed; not enclosed. 14. clear, cloudless, fine. 15. the open. 16. vacancy, job opening. 17. deficit, shortage. 18. excess of expense over income. 19. distance, space between. 20. outskirts; nearby place. 21. soccer wing, winger, player in a wing position. 22. open sea. 23. frank, open. 24. frankly, openly. -ında/-larında naut. off..., offshore. -ta 1. outdoors, in the open air. 2. obvious, apparent. 3. naut. in the offing, offshore. 4. unemployed. - açık openly, frankly. -tan açığa openly. - adım big step, wide step. - ağızlı stupid, dim-witted. - alınla with a clear conscience. -a almak /ı/ to lay off (a government employee) temporarily. - arazi mil. exposed terrain, unprotected terrain, open country. - artırma sale by public auction. - ateş mil. direct fire. -ta bırakmak /ı/ 1. to leave (something) outdoors. 2. to leave out, exclude (a person from a privilege). 3. to leave (someone) without a home or a job. - bono vermek /a/ 1. com. to give (someone) a blank check. 2. to give (someone) carte blanche, give (someone) freedom of action or complete control. -ını bulmak to find something amiss. - celse law public hearing. - ciro blank endorsement, general endorsement. - çek signed blank check. -a çıkarılmak to be dismissed from work, be fired. -a çıkarmak /ı/ 1. to fire (a government employee). 2. to bring (a matter) out into the open. -a çıkmak 1. to be fired. 2. to become known, come out. -ı çıkmak 1. (for one´s accounts) to show a shortage. 2. (for the inventory of property for which one is responsible) to show a shortage. - deniz 1. law high seas. 2. the open sea. - devre elec. open circuit, interrupted circuit. - durmak to stand aside, not to interfere. - duruşma law public hearing. -ta eğlenmek to wait offshore without anchoring. - eksiltme public bidding for a contract. - elbise (a) revealing dress; (a) décolleté dress. - elli open-handed, generous. - ellilik open-handedness, generosity. - fikirli broad -minded, enlightened, liberal-minded. - gel! slang 1. Stay clear! 2. Come on, out with it! - gelmek slang to stay away, not to come near. - giyinmek to wear revealing clothes; to wear décolleté dresses. - hava 1. open air, outdoor; fresh air. 2. clear weather. - hava sineması open-air movie theater, open-air cinema. - hava tiyatrosu open-air theater. - hava toplantısı public protest meeting. - hece gram. open syllable. - imza signature on blank paper. -ta kalmak/olmak to have lost one´s home or job, Brit. be up a gum tree. - kalp ameliyatı open-heart surgery. - kalpli open-hearted, candid. -ı kapatmak to meet the deficit. - kapı open door. - kapı bırakmak /a/ to leave (someone) with some room for choice, leave (someone) with some leeway, not to tie (someone´s) hands. - kapı politikası open-door policy. - kart vermek /a/ to give (someone) carte blanche. - konuşmak to be frank, talk frankly. - kredi open credit, blank credit. - liman 1. port unprotected from storms. 2. port without excessive formalities. 3. mil. unprotected port. -lar livası colloq. the unemployed. - maaşı half pay (while an employee is temporarily suspended). - mektup 1. open letter. 2. unsealed letter. - mevzi mil. exposed position. - olmak /a/ 1. to be accessible (to). 2. to be receptive (to). - ordugâh bivouac, temporary encampment. - oturum panel discussion. - oy open vote. - oylama open voting. - öğretim education modeled after that of an open university. -ını örtmek to cover up one´s fraud. - pazar open market. - poliçe certificate of indebtedness issued before all the details are settled. - saçık 1. off-color, risqué; bawdy

¹ = lay + waste to, flatten, sweep away, rip through, raze, annihilate, devastate.

Ex. The mutilation of periodicals is laying waste to vital and expensive periodical collections in all kinds of library across the USA, and it seems to strike academic libraries with particular virulence.

Ex. This article describes how the organisation has been flattened into one unit during the changeover from a manual system to an automated statewide library system.

Ex. Librarians should ensure that the principles they stand for are not swept away on a tide of technological jingoism.

Ex. Storms in this part of the world are common and the people didn't seem to bat an eyelid at the prospect of a 135km wind ripping through their town.

Ex. The motel, which was built in 1953, will be razed to make way for a parking lot.

Ex. He intends to annihilate all the major world powers, until Islamic nations dominate the planet.

Ex. The article 'Sorting a mountain of books' relates how when the law library was devastated by fire what had been a library became a jumble of 100,000 books and periodicals.

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* arrasar completamente = raze + Nombre + to the ground.

* epidemia + arrasar = epidemic + rage.

* fuego + arrasar = fire + sweep through.

1 to destroy, to devastate.

2 to ravage, to destroy, to wipe out, to demolish.

Los soldados arrasaron el pueblo The soldiers ravaged the town.

3 to raze, to level with ground, to devastate, to lay flat.

Los tractores arrasaron la tierra The tractors razed the land.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (destruir) to raze, destroy

2 (allanar) to level, smooth

► verbo intransitivo

1 (disco, libro, película) to be a smash hit, sweep the board; (deportista) to sweep to victory

\

arrasar con (gen) to sweep away 2 (comer) to polish off 3 (destrozar) to destroy 4 (robar) to get away with, make off with

* * *

1) to level

2) raze

3) sweep the board, be a runaway success

* * *

1. VT

1) (=nivelar) to level; [+ edificio] to demolish; [esp en guerra] to raze to the ground; [ciclón, terremoto] to devastate

2) (=colmar) to fill to the brim

2. VI

1) (Meteo) to clear

2) (=triunfar) to triumph, achieve a great success; (Pol etc) to sweep the board

arrasarse

* * *

verbo intransitivo

arrasarse v pron

* * *

verbo intransitivo

arrasarse v pron

* * *

arrasar¹

¹ = lay + waste to, flatten, sweep away, rip through, raze, annihilate, devastate.

arrasar²

² = take + no prisoners, take + Nombre + by storm, win by + a landslide.

Nota: Generalmente usado en el contexto de las elecciones o votaciones.

* * *

arrasar [A1 ]

Boca Júniors volvió a arrasar Boca Juniors swept to victory again

la película continúa arrasando the movie continues to be a huge box-office hit

la inundación arrasó con las cosechas the flood devastated o destroyed the crops o swept the crops away

las tropas arrasaron con todo lo que encontraron a su paso the soldiers laid waste to everything that lay in their path

arrasaron con toda la comida they polished off all the food ( colloq)

los ladrones arrasaron con todas las joyas the thieves made off with all the jewelry

los cubanos arrasaron con las medallas the Cubans walked off with o carried off all the medals

los populares arrasaron en las urnas the populares won the elections by a landslide

‹zona› to devastate; ‹edificio› to destroy, raze … to the ground

el granizo arrasó los viñedos the hail destroyed o devastated the vineyards

el sistema que fue arrasado por la revolución the system that was swept away by the revolution

sintió que los ojos se le arrasaban en or de lágrimas she felt tears welling up in her eyes

con los ojos arrasados en or de lágrimas with his eyes full of o brimming with tears

* * *

◊ nuestro equipo volvió a arrasar our team swept to victory again;

* * *

♦ vt

el fuego arrasó el castillo the fire destroyed the castle, the castle was burned to the ground in the fire

♦ vi

1.

el huracán arrasó con toda la cosecha the hurricane destroyed the entire harvest;

los niños arrasaron con todos los pasteles the children made short work of the cakes

2. Fam [triunfar] to win overwhelmingly;

el equipo brasileño arrasó en la primera fase the Brazilian team swept everything before it in the first stage;

la película arrasó en toda Europa the movie was a massive success throughout Europe

* * *

I v/t devastate

II v/i fam

be a big hit

* * *

arrasar vt

1) : to level, to smooth

2) : to devastate, to destroy

3) : to fill to the brim

* * *

(að), v. to gleam, twinkle (of shields).

* * *

u, f. light clouds foreboding storms, such as the Engl. call ‘mare’s tails,’ (regn-blika, vind-blika), hence the saying, e-m lízt ekki a blikuna, when matters look threatening; freq. in mod. usage, though no instance is on record in old writers.

2. medic. pallor, Dan. blegesot, Fél. ix. 201.

að, and blíkja, bleik, bliku, an old obsolete poët. form, of which only remain the forms, 3rd pers. pl. pret. bliku, fulgebant, Vkv. 6, Fas. i. 186 (in a verse): infm., blíkja, Hkr. i. 96 (in a verse); 3rd pers. pl. pres. blíkja, fulgent, Grág. ii. 170, in an old law form; part. blíkjanda, Edda 231, [Lat. fulgere; Germ. blicken, cp. blitzen; Engl to blink]:—to gleam, twinkle, Lat. micare; the stars ‘blika,’ the sun ‘skín;’ used of arms, skildir bliku þeirra við hinn skarða mána, Vkv. l. c.; bliku reið er Regin átti, Fas. l. c.; á baki létu blíkja (of the shields), Hkr. l. c.; skildir blika við 1 Rauðaskriðum, Nj. 143, cp. Grág. ii. 170; blikuðu þar skildir við, Eg. 724; blika við sólu, Fbr. 156; blíkjanda (part.) böl, gleaming bale, of the hall of Hela, Edda l. c.

1. rare; 2. scarce; 3. not common; 4. there are not many around; 5. sparse; 6. occasional; 7. thin; 8. infrequent; 9. exceptional; 10. unusual

Русское прилагательное редкий описывает объекты разных областей жизни, относящихся ко времени, пространству, плотности, в то время как в английском языке в этих случаях используются разные слова и словосочетания в зависимости от последующих существительных.

1. rare — редкий (не часто встречающийся, существующий в небольшом количестве): These birds are very rare, they are protected by law. — Это очень редкие птицы, и они защищены от истребления законом. They are pretty rare, only about a hundred were made. — Это редкие вещи, их было сделано всего около ста штук. The palace library contains some of the rarest books in Europe. — В дворцовой библиотеке есть некоторые редчайшие в Европе книги. Such narrow streets are rare in our city. — В нашем городе такие узкие улицы редко встречаются. On rare occasions when we worked together, we enjoyed it. — В тех редких случаях, когда мы работали вместе, нам это доставляло удовольствие. Snow is a rare sight here. — Снег в здешних местах редкое зрелище.

2. scarce — редкий (предметы первой необходимости, имеющиеся в малом и недостаточном количестве, такие как вода, пища, одежда): After war food and clothes were scarce. — После войны не хватало пищи и одсжды./После войны был недостаток продуктов питания и одежды. With the increase in trade, timber import for shipbuilding was becoming scarce. — С развитием торговли стало не хватать импортного леса для кораблестроительной промышленности.

3. not common — редкий, нечастый ( довольно редко встречающийся в своем классе): This style of pottery is not common outside the island. — 3a пределами острова этот вид гончарных изделий встречается совсем не часто./За пределами острова этот вид гончарных изделий встречается редко. Unfortunately, common sense is not very common among politicians. — К сожалению, немногие политики обладают здравым смыслом.

4. there are not many around — таких на свете немного: It is a rare edition of this book, there are not many around. — Это редкое издание, таких книг немного./Книг этого издания мало./Книги этого и Мания нечасто встречаются.

5. sparse — редкий, неплотный ( покрывающий что-либо тонким слоем): sparse hair — редкие/негустые волосы; sparse vegetation — редкая растительность/негустая растительность; sparse population — немногочисленное население; sparse teeth — редкие зубы Driving through the town I was surprised at the sparse traffic. — Проезжая Но городу, я удивлялся редкому уличному движению. The population is fairly sparse in this part of the country. — В этой части страны очень немногочисленное населенис./В этой части страны очень редкое население. Trees are sparse in this part because of the continuous winds blowing across the lake. — В этом районе растет мало деревьев из-за постоянных ветров, дующих с озера, He was stroking his sparse beard. — Он поглаживал свою жиденькую бородку./Он поглаживал свою редкую бороденку.

6. occasional — редкий, нерегулярный (случающийся время от времени, иногда): occasional meetings — редкие встречи/случайные встречи; occasional storms (rains) — редкие грозы (дожди); occasional pains — редкие боли/ боли время от времени I had only a few occasional meetings with her, so I can't say what sort of person she is. — У меня с нем было лишь несколько редких встреч, и я не могу сказать, что она за человек./У меня с ней было лишь несколько случайных встреч, и я не могу сказать, что она за человек. Не has occasional headaches when he is tired. — Когда он устает, у него иногда/изредка болит голова. She neglected her occasional pains in the back, she never thought it could be serious, so she did nol go ю a doctor. — Она не обращала внимания на редкие боли в спине и никогда не думала, что это что-то серьезное, поэтому и к врачу не обращалась.

7. thin — редкий, жидкий, негустой: thin hair — редкие волосы/жидкие волосы; a thin beard — редкая бородка/жиденькая бородка; a thin forest — редкий лес; thin shrubbery — редкий кустарник

8. infrequent — редкий, нечастый ( происходящий через большие промежутки времени): an infrequent case — редкий случай/нечастый случай; an infrequent opportunity — редкая возможность; an infrequent event — не часто случающаяся ошибка It is an infrequent mistake. — Это редкая ошибка./Это нечастая ошибка. It is an infrequent opportunity, you don't often have them and it would be a pity to miss it. — Это не часто случающаяся возможность, такая редко бывает, и будет жаль ее упустить. It is not an infrequent opinion. — Такое мнение нередко./Такое мнение часто встречается./Такое мнение не назовешь редким.

9. exceptional — редкий, необычный, необыкновенный, исключительный: an exceptional singer (violinist) — исключительный певец (скрипач)/ необыкновенный певец (скрипач); an act of exceptional bravery — исключительно храбрый поступок Не is a boy of exceptional abilities. — Он мальчик с редкими/исключительными способностями. She is an exceptional teacher. — У нее редкий талант учителя.

10. unusual — редкий, необычный, необычайный: Не had an unusual name. — У него было редкое имя./У него было необычное имя. It was not unusual for me to come home at two or three in the morning. — Я нередко приходил домой в два-три часа ночи.

SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines

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As a boy, Smeaton showed mechanical ability, making for himself a number of tools and models. This practical skill was backed by a sound education, probably at Leeds Grammar School. At the age of 16 he entered his father's office; he seemed set to follow his father's profession in the law. In 1742 he went to London to continue his legal studies, but he preferred instead, with his father's reluctant permission, to set up as a scientific instrument maker and dealer and opened a shop of his own in 1748. About this time he began attending meetings of the Royal Society and presented several papers on instruments and mechanical subjects, being elected a Fellow in 1753. His interests were turning towards engineering but were informed by scientific principles grounded in careful and accurate observation.

In 1755 the second Eddystone lighthouse, on a reef some 14 miles (23 km) off the English coast at Plymouth, was destroyed by fire. The President of the Royal Society was consulted as to a suitable engineer to undertake the task of constructing a new one, and he unhesitatingly suggested Smeaton. Work began in 1756 and was completed in three years to produce the first great wave-swept stone lighthouse. It was constructed of Portland stone blocks, shaped and pegged both together and to the base rock, and bonded by hydraulic cement, scientifically developed by Smeaton. It withstood the storms of the English Channel for over a century, but by 1876 erosion of the rock had weakened the structure and a replacement had to be built. The upper portion of Smeaton's lighthouse was re-erected on a suitable base on Plymouth Hoe, leaving the original base portion on the reef as a memorial to the engineer.

The Eddystone lighthouse made Smeaton's reputation and from then on he was constantly in demand as a consultant in all kinds of engineering projects. He carried out a number himself, notably the 38 mile (61 km) long Forth and Clyde canal with thirty-nine locks, begun in 1768 but for financial reasons not completed until 1790. In 1774 he took charge of the Ramsgate Harbour works.

On the mechanical side, Smeaton undertook a systematic study of water-and windmills, to determine the design and construction to achieve the greatest power output. This work issued forth as the paper "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills" and exerted a considerable influence on mill design during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1753 and 1790 Smeaton constructed no fewer than forty-four mills.

Meanwhile, in 1756 he had returned to Austhorpe, which continued to be his home base for the rest of his life. In 1767, as a result of the disappointing performance of an engine he had been involved with at New River Head, Islington, London, Smeaton began his important study of the steam-engine. Smeaton was the first to apply scientific principles to the steam-engine and achieved the most notable improvements in its efficiency since its invention by Newcomen, until its radical overhaul by James Watt. To compare the performance of engines quantitatively, he introduced the concept of "duty", i.e. the weight of water that could be raised 1 ft (30 cm) while burning one bushel (84 lb or 38 kg) of coal. The first engine to embody his improvements was erected at Long Benton colliery in Northumberland in 1772, with a duty of 9.45 million pounds, compared to the best figure obtained previously of 7.44 million pounds. One source of heat loss he attributed to inaccurate boring of the cylinder, which he was able to improve through his close association with Carron Ironworks near Falkirk, Scotland.

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